Africa is home to some of the fastest-growing cities in the world, many of which are stepping up to the challenge of maintaining cleanliness amid rapid urbanization. From visionary leadership to community-driven initiatives, these cities have set exemplary standards in environmental management, waste control, and sustainable living.
Here’s a look at the top 10 cleanest cities in Africa and what makes them stand out.
1. Kigali, Rwanda
Kigali, Rwanda’s capital, is widely recognized as one of the cleanest cities in Africa, featuring extensive waste-free zones and well-maintained public spaces. According to Into Rwanda, Kigali’s sustained cleanliness results from visionary leadership, effective strategic planning, and robust waste management and recycling programs.
Rwanda takes environmental protection very seriously, as reflected in its national park, Nyungwe Forest, which highlights the importance of preserving fragile ecosystems through cleanliness. In 2008, Kigali banned plastic bags, imposing heavy fines and prison sentences on offenders, setting a strong example.
Every last Saturday of the month is dedicated to city cleanliness, with citizens actively participating in clean-up efforts. Kigali grows at an urbanization rate of 4% annually, and the city contributes over 40% of Rwanda’s GDP, which totals approximately 13.3 billion USD.
2. Cape Town, South Africa
Cape Town is among Africa’s most picturesque and clean cities, ranking second on the continent’s cleanest cities list. Known affectionately as the “Mother City,” Cape Town boasts immaculate streets maintained through a solid waste management system.
The city balances urban vibrancy with environmental stewardship, making it a model for South Africa. With a GDP of 27 billion USD, Cape Town contributes roughly 9.6% to South Africa’s national economy.
3. Tunis, Tunisia
As Tunisia’s largest and cleanest city, Tunis demonstrates a strong commitment to environmental sustainability. The municipal authorities ensure that streets remain spotless and encourage eco-friendly transportation options such as bicycles and electric cars to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.
An innovative sewage disposal system involving underground and underwater pipelines makes waste management efficient and environmentally responsible. Tunis contributes over 36% to Tunisia’s GDP, which stands at approximately 174.57 billion USD in 2024.
4. Port Louis, Mauritius
Port Louis, the capital and largest city of Mauritius, captivates with its natural beauty and waterfalls. The Municipal Council is responsible for maintaining the city’s cleanliness, supported by annual government budgets dedicated to sanitation.
The city’s lush tropical vegetation adds to its pristine environment, and strong governmental backing ensures that waste management remains a priority, preserving the city’s appeal.
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5. Johannesburg, South Africa
Johannesburg, South Africa’s largest metropolis, often called the “City of Gold,” is notable for its active public awareness campaigns on cleanliness, often led by the city’s mayor. The city is the second South African city to feature on this list.
With private wealth estimated at 239 billion USD, Johannesburg contributes approximately 15% to the country’s GDP, making it both an economic powerhouse and a leader in urban sanitation.
6. Gaborone, Botswana
Gaborone is among Africa’s quietest and cleanest cities, making significant progress in waste disposal through efficient municipal services. Waste collection is timely, and recycling facilities handle waste responsibly.
Botswana’s GDP, measured in purchasing power parity, stands at about 68 billion USD, with Gaborone playing a key role in sustaining cleanliness standards.
7. Windhoek, Namibia
Namibia’s capital, Windhoek, is renowned for its modern amenities and top-tier road infrastructure. The city has launched several initiatives aimed at improving waste management and encouraging sustainable living.
Windhoek has implemented a recycling program, banned single-use plastics, and introduced composting schemes. Public transportation initiatives are also helping reduce traffic congestion. Namibia’s GDP is estimated at 12.91 billion USD.
8. Nairobi, Kenya
Known as the “Green City in the Sun,” Nairobi is lauded as Africa’s greenest city. Kenya’s President William Ruto recently launched the Nairobi River Commission to clean up the city’s rivers.
Thanks to its hills, valleys, and extensive green parks, most residents commute by foot, public transportation, or bicycle, helping significantly reduce carbon emissions. Nairobi is a shining example of urban cohabitation with nature, with active composting and recycling programs.
9. Kumasi, Ghana
Kumasi, situated in Ghana’s Ashanti region, earns its nickname “Eden” through its widespread flowers and robust culture of cleanliness. Several social cleaning organizations help maintain the city’s neatness.
Residents also emphasize renewable energy alternatives, contributing to energy efficiency. The vast West African Kedzheti market in Kumasi is renowned for its size and remarkable cleanliness, with virtually no litter found within its expanse.
10. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Dar es Salaam, Tanzania’s largest city, is located on the beautiful Indian Ocean coastline. The government prioritizes environmental conditions, with half the city and its surroundings covered in trees and shrubs, which play a crucial role in absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen.
Efforts also focus on cleaning reservoirs and reducing pollution, contributing to the city’s clean and green reputation.
Conclusion
Africa’s cleanest cities demonstrate that a combination of strong governance, community involvement, and innovative environmental policies can transform urban living. These cities not only maintain beautiful and healthy environments but also set a standard for sustainable urban development across the continent.
Whether you’re a traveler, environmentalist, or urban planner, these cities offer valuable lessons and inspiration on how to keep growing cities clean and green.